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About Moquegua
On the Early Horizon period of Peru, the region was controlled by the Pucara culture and on the Medium Horizon by the Tiahuanaco culture. In 1540 the Spanish arrived looking for new lands to settle and it was in 1541 that Moquegua was founded, at the same time than the Ilo harbor.Moquegua standed out in the fight to acquire the independence, reason why on January the 9th 1823 acquired the title of city. Moquegua was part of the independence of Arequipa and then part of the 7 provinces of the department, a position that the city conserved until the decade of 1830.
About Juliaca
The high plain territory where is located the current Juliaca -also known as the “city of winds”- is rich in history and traditions. It was settled more than 4000 years B.C. by tribes mostly dedicated to agriculture and Andean stockbreeding (llama shepherding and guinea pig breeding).Between the years 200 B.C. and 200 A.D. the Pukara culture dominated the high plain region, leaving traces of its presence in Juliaca on the founded archaeologic remains. In the following centuries, the Tiahuanaco, Colla and Inka cultures fought for the hegemony of the high plain. The incas were the ones who prevailed over the other ones in the fight for the Andean supremacy, under the leadership of Pachacutec.With the Spanish arrival, there was a high plain lands distribution, that culminated with the Spanish foundation of the town of Santa Catalina de Juliaca. During the colonial period the city was scenary of indigenous uprisings against the Spanish domination.In the Republic period, after obtained the Independence of Peru, Juliaca was a rural city until the construction of the railway station (1873) that allowed a greater communication and exchange with the most important cities of the Andean south as Cusco or Arequipa, besides making easier the access of Peruvian and foreign visitors.In 1926 was created, by a supreme order, the province of San Roman, what allowed for the ascent of Juliaca to capital.